Activity Preservation of Plasmonic Biosensors with a Metal-Organic Framework

........................................................................................................................................................... vii 1 Background ................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Antibody-Antigen Recognition ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance .......................................................................................... 3 1.3 Metal-Organic Framework .............................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Silk Fibroin Film ............................................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Methodology Overview ................................................................................................................... 7 2 Methods ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Materials ............................................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 Fabrication of Antibody-Based Plasmonic Sensors ................................................................... 10 2.2.1 Synthesis of Gold Nanorods ........................................................................................... 10 2.2.2 Antibody Conjugation ...................................................................................................... 11 2.2.3 Adsorption of AuNR-IgG on Glass Substrates ........................................................... 11 2.3 Formation of Protective Films ...................................................................................................... 12 2.3.1 ZIF-8 Protective Film ....................................................................................................... 12 2.3.2 Silk Protective Film ........................................................................................................... 12 2.4 Characterization .............................................................................................................................. 13 2.4.1 Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy ..................................................................................... 13 2.4.2 X-Ray Diffraction.............................................................................................................. 13 2.4.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy ................................................................................ 14 2.4.4 Atomic Force Microscopy ............................................................................................... 14 2.5 Activity Evaluation of Plasmonic Biosensors ............................................................................. 15 2.6 Treatments on Plasmonic Biosensors .......................................................................................... 15 2.6.1 Temperature Cycles .......................................................................................................... 15 2.4.2 Organic Solvent ................................................................................................................. 16 2.4.3 Proteolytic Agent ............................................................................................................... 16 3 Results and Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 17 3.1 Antibody-Based Plasmonic Sensors ............................................................................................. 17 3.2 Activity Preservation at Elevated Temperatures ........................................................................ 22 3.3 Progressive Growth of ZIF-8 Film .............................................................................................. 24 3.4 Activity Preservation at Extremely High Temperature ............................................................. 30 3.5 Activity Preservation in Other Harsh Environments ................................................................ 32